Press Brake Machine TP10S Controller

Notice:

The touch screen can only be operated with your fingers (do not use your nails) or a special pen for the touch screen. Do not use sharp objects (such as screwdrivers, ballpoint pens, etc.) to touch the screen to avoid damage to the screen.

In the process of placing the board, the hanging basket can be removed to prevent the board from hitting the screen, damaging the touch screen, and causing touch failure, which makes it unusable. If the screen touch fails, you can use the mouse to plug into the USB port and use it instead for a short time.

1.1.1 Menu navigation

1.1.2 Menu button

Click the menu button and the menu sub-category will appear.

1.1.3 Status page

Click the status page button  to enter the status page directly. The status page displays the status of input and output signals and the communication status of each axis. When the system is not operating normally, you can check whether the corresponding signal is normal on this page.

Force:  Click  the  force  button  and  there  will  be  four  options,  press  and  hold  the corresponding  option  button (fast  down,  slow  down,  return),  the  slider  will  perform  the corresponding action, and release it to stop. This function can be used to check whether the machine valve group is working properly.

Deflection analog quantity/pressure analog quantity: The analog quantity value can be forcedly given  (0-10V voltage  corresponding  to  0-32000  output),  and  the  corresponding pressure and deflection can be output.

Electronic ruler simulation: When the system uses an electronic ruler, the voltage value of the electronic ruler will be displayed here. The moving voltage value of the slider will change accordingly, and the position of the slider will also change accordingly to judge whether the electronic ruler is working normally.

Slider  position: When the system  uses an  electronic  ruler  or grating  ruler, the  current position of the slider will be displayed here.

1.2 Parameter settings

Click the menu button to select the "parameter setting" option to enter the system setting interface:

1.2.1 Language

The system can choose Chinese and English.

1.2.2 Unit

The system can choose between mm and inch two measurement units.

1.2.3 Home page permissions

The home page (angle, length) will not be editable when this function is enabled.

1.2.4 Jog pressure holding time

In jog mode, when the slider reaches the bottom dead center, the pressure holding time is   effective, and the pressure is automatically released after the holding pressure time. If it is not activated, the pressure will be kept at the bottom dead center until the pedal is released and the pressure is released.

1.2.5 Automatic bending of bridge

Click to enable the bridge function, and the bridge icon will be displayed on the homepage. For details, please refer to the chapter on 7.3 Bridge .

1.2.6 Push material

Use with the bridge function. After the bridge is bent, the sheet is pushed out.

1.2.7 X-axis parameter setting mode

Inner ruler: the position where the back gauge stops. The distance from the backgauge stop position to the clamping point (V groove center).

Outside ruler: try to fold a board (for example, the given length is 100), and actually measure the length of the folded board (for example, 80), then input 80 at the reference point to calculate the current position of the back gauge.

1.2.8 Y-axis parameter setting mode

Measurement:

① Depress the slider to the end (you can't continue to move when you step on it, and you can't press the Dies).

② Use a measuring tool to measure the distance from the top of Punch to the bottom surface of the Die (working desk), which is the Y-axis reference point.

Folded plate:

① Set the size of the Punch and Die (consistent with the actual size), set the bending angle (such as 180°) and the plate thickness (such as 1mm).

② Move the Y axis, step on the bend, and measure the actual bending angle.

③ If it is 180° (that is, the upper die is just pressed to the plate), click the Y-axis reference point input box and enter the depth value at 180° calculated by the system at this time.

1.2.9 Front support

1.2.10 Rear support

1.2.11 Manipulator

Used to cooperate with the action of the manipulator, click to enable, the touch screen will not be able to operate the slider.

1.2.12 Mode selection

The  system  can  select  three  operation  modes:  inching,  single  time and  continuous (displayed under the authority of the administrator). The three modes are used in different occasions, and their differences are as follows:

Inching mode: click (or step on the pedal once) to start the program, step on the slider under the pedal to move downward, and release to stop. Step on the pedal and the slider moves upward, and it will stop when it is released. When it is released above the speed change point, the rear baffle of x-axis will be repositioned to facilitate bending the same step again. In jog mode, the system supports automatic step change.

Single mode: click    (or step down once) to start the program, step down, and the slider moves down and is pressed to the end. When the pressure holding time reaches, the slider automatically returns after the pressure relief is completed and enters the next step.

Continuous mode  : click   (or step down once) to start the program, step down, and  the slider moves down and is pressed to the end. When the pressure holding time reaches,  the slider automatically returns after the pressure relief is completed and enters the next  step. Repeat this way until all the tasks in all steps have been executed. In continuous mode, the continuous interval time can be set on the "Parameter Setting" page.

<Remarks>

1) The jog mode is used during calibration, the single mode is used during normal operation, and the continuous mode is used when testing the machine.

2) In the "Manual Move" and "X/Y/R Axis Navigation" screens, the mode will automatically change to slow Inching mode. After exiting these screens, it will automatically switch to the original mode.

3) "Pedal up" and "pedal down" cannot be valid at the same time. The first signal will execute the corresponding action first, and the next signal will not work. If the program is not started, step on the foot for the first time (or press on the screen) to start the program, and step on the foot again to move downward.

4) In single mode or continuous mode, the slider moves up. If the return time is valid and the return time  is reached (the slider has not reached the top dead center), the slider will no longer move up, and enter the next step.

1.3 Manual mode

1.3.1Axis jog

Click the menu button on the main page, and select "Manual" in the sub-category to enter the manual page.

Operating instructions:

1. Select the axis to move:

.   The X-axis of the rear baffle.

.  u The R-axis of the rear baffle.

.   Y-axis

.   Deflection compensation shaft

.  Front baffle (Press   to enter the jog interface).

2. Press  ,and the axis will move at manual speed, and press   and   to move at 1/4 of the manual speed. You can also enter the position you want to reach in the  move input box, click "move", and click "move" again to stop.

1.3.2 Reference point setting

The reference point is to determine the current position of the back gauge (X/R axis) and the current position of the slider (Y axis). The reference point measurement method of each axis is as follows:

X-axis reference point: use a measuring tool to measure the length of a reference position (the distance from the center point of the Die opening to the front end of the rear baffle), and then write the measured value in the setting above the rear stop icon.

Y-axis reference point: step on the pedal and press it to the bottom (pay attention not to  press it to the mold), then use the measuring tool to measure the height of a reference  position (the distance from the contact surface between the workbench and the Die to the  contact surface between the slider and the upper surface of the Punch), and finally write the  measured value in the setting above the slider icon.  Set the Y-axis reference point,  click the "electronic ruler parameter setting" button (or grating ruler parameter setting button), a dialog box will pop up and click   , and the current position of the slider will  be synchronized with the current position of the y-axis.

R-axis reference point: R-axis is used to select the baffle, and the coordinated movement of X and  R-axis  can prevent collision with the die. The operator uses a  measuring tool to measure the vertical distance from the contact surface between the workbench and the Die to the lower surface of the rear baffle. Then write the measured value in the setting above.

<Note>

1. Special attention should be paid to using this function, the wrong setting will damage the machine! It needs to be operated by an experienced person.

2. When the system uses an electronic ruler or grating ruler, the current position of the slider must be synchronized with the current position of the Y axis.

1.3.3 Homing

If the reference point is set incorrectly, or the X-axis or R-axis is moved incorrectly after power off, you need to power on to Homing.

Recalibrate the current position of the axis. The steps to Homing are:

1. Select the axis to return to Homing.

2. Click the Homing button, and the corresponding axis will start back to the original, and the back to original button will display   .

3. When Homing is completed, the icon of the Homing is displayed   .

<Note>

1. The  Homing switch  is also  used as a  limit switch, the limit will  be  reported after the Homing is completed, and the alarm will be eliminated when the point moves out of the range or the next time the positioning is started.

2. If the axis positioning is still incorrect after Homing, it may be that the origin position is set incorrectly. At this time, you need to contact the manufacturer and reset the origin position under the manufacturer's guidance.

3. If Homing l for many times, and sometimes after Homing is completed, the size of the folded plate is deviated (about one resolution length). You need to remove the coupling of the corresponding shaft and turn the servo motor shaft half a turn..

1.3.4 Baffle type

Click to activate the R-axis, and then the R-axis related information and setting icons will be displayed on the programming page. Click on the programming page, where you can enter 3 different finger sizes (0, 1, and 2 specifications, depending on the actual configuration of the machine tool.).

2 Programming page

2. 1 Programming Home

2.2 Direct programming of optional functions

The home page of the programming page is the work page most frequently used by the operator. Most of the programming can be done here.

2.2.1 Current step number

Click the step number, the operator can select the corresponding operation.

Insert step sequence: insert a new step sequence after the current step sequence, the new step sequence parameter is the parameter of the previous step.

Delete step sequence: delete the current step sequence.

2.2.2 Set the bending Angle

The BD10i has two modes to edit the Y-axis, which can be switched by clicking the Angle icon. The pattern is as follows

: In this mode, the operator only needs to input the Angle to be bent, and the system will automatically calculate the position of the slider, that is, the position of the bottom dead point.

: In this mode, the system displays the bending depth in millimeters. The operator needs to input the position of the bottom dead center. If the operator previously entered an angle, when switching to depth mode, the bottom dead center position of the corresponding angle will be displayed on the screen.

2.2.3 Rear baffle (X axis)/bending width

BD10i has two modes to set the rear baffle, click the bending length icon to switch. The pattern is as follows:

: In this mode, the operator only needs to input the outer dimension of the bending, and the system will calculate the X-axis position of the rear baffle.

: In this mode, you need to enter the docking position of the rear stopper. <Note>:

1. The rear baffle (X axis) of the system is positioned with the inner ruler size.

2. The system has a limit function for a given position. If the given position exceeds the set minimum/maximum limit, the system will prompt "the given position exceeds the limit" and is invalid whenever you press. For example, when the given position of X-axis (2000 as below) exceeds the set maximum limit (560 as below), the system interface will display the following warning:

2.3 Programming page 1

Click button to enter.

2.3.1steel Material

For product parameters, click on the material name to select a material from it.

Click on the material in the more settings page to enter the material settings page, as shown in the figure below:

Click "Materials" to select different  materials. The system  has four  materials  by  default. Select Master to enter the material page, edit the material tensile strength, material name, according to the bending measurement Angle, fill in the corresponding compensation value. After entering, return to auto save.

2.3.2  Plate thickness

Product parameters, here you can modify the thickness of the folded plate.

2.3.4 Tensile strength

The material parameters are set in the “material”. When the setting is completed, the tensile strength will be automatically selected when the material is selected.

2.3.5 The rear baffle retreat

Through this button, the rear baffle retreat function can be activated. This parameter is a step sequence parameter, which can be set for each step.

Note: When the front baffle is selected, the return value is a negative number.

2.3.6  Retreat time

This parameter is a step parameter and can be set at each step. This parameter is for the system without electronic ruler/grating ruler. After the slider reaches the speed change point and after the retreat time, the rear stopper begins to retreat.

2.3.7  Bending length

This parameter is the length of the plate bent by the die, which is used to calculate the pressure.

2.3.8 Pressure holding time

This parameter is a step sequence parameter, which can be set in each step. Is the time the slider remains at bottom dead center.

2.3.9  Return height

This parameter is a step sequence parameter, which can be set for each step. The setting height is the distance from the upper surface of the Die.

2.3.10  Deflection compensation

The  compensation  function  is  activated  here,  and  the  system  automatically  calculates according to the  material,  plate  thickness, tensile strength and  bending  length  (need  to adjust the "mechanical coefficient" parameter correctly). This value can also be manually modified by the operator. If the relevant automatic calculation factors change, the system will automatically calculate it again.

2.3.11  Product quantity

The operator input the number of products to be processed in the right frame, and when completing the step sequence of a product, add one to the left frame, and complete all the pieces, the current processing quantity displayed on the left is clear 0.

2.3.12Pause time (fast to slow)

This parameter means that when the slider reaches the speed change point, it will bend slowly after the pause time.

2.3.13 position of the speed change point position

This value is the position where the slider changes from fast to slow.

Note: When setting this value, refer to the previous return height.

2.3.14 Change step positioning conditions

Immediately: After the bending is completed, the return stroke returns to above the speed change point, and the positioning is changed immediately.

Loosen the foot: After the  bending  is  completed,  return  to the speed  change  point and release the foot to change step positioning.

Depress again: After the bending is completed, return to the shifting point, release the pedal to change the step (if the next step of the X axis is positioned behind the current position, then release the pedal to locate) and then depress the positioning.

2.3.15 Automatic board width compensation

① Set the tensile strength of the material.

② Fold a board with a smaller width first, and adjust the angle to compensate to make the bending angle of 90° .

③Then switch to a material with a wider board width (the board width is close to the width of the slider), and adjust the compensation value by changing the board width value on ”more” pages, so that the actual bending angle is also 90 °.

④ Then enter the actual board width in the "parameter setting" pressure option, and the system calculates the mechanical stiffness.

⑤ If  different  board  widths  are  folded  later, just  enter  the  actual  board  width  in  "more settings", and the system will automatically calculate the compensation value.

2.3.16 Automatic deflection compensation

① Fold a board with a smaller width first to make its bending angle 90° .

② Then change to a wider board (the board width  is close to the width of the slider), measure the angles on both sides and the middle, and adjust the deflection compensation value to make the two sides and the middle angle consistent.

③ Then press the inverse calculation button in the "parameter setting" pressure option, and the system will automatically calculate the mechanical coefficient. After folding boards with different board widths, the system will automatically calculate the deflection compensation value.

2.4 Programming page 2

Click the button to enter.

2.4.1 Pause time (clamp point)

This parameter means that when the slider reaches the clamp point, it will bend slowly after the pause time.

2.4.2 HS->LS threshold

This parameter changes the position of the Speed change point. It is mainly used for large inertia of slide block to prevent severe impact. Set this value to slow the slider down ahead of time

2.4.3 TDC max Position

This parameter indicates the highest point the slider is allowed to rise.

2.4.4 Clamp point correct

This parameter is used to correct the clamping point position (the Die just presses the plate position).

2.4.5 Return point correct

This parameter is used to correct the position of the return point.

2.4.6 Link the program

This function can realize the bending of products in any step or batch.

.  When the number of pieces is set to 1, multiple programs can be linked, and the linked programs can  be  combined  into  a  complete  process,  realizing  unlimited  step  sequence bending.

.  When the number of pieces is set to be greater than 1, the bending is performed in batches. For example, to produce 100 complex workpieces (8-step bending), 100 1-4 steps are required for the first time, and  100 5-steps are required for the second time. 8-step process.  Then  you  can  link  program  2  through  program   1,  program   1  completes  100 procedures, and then jump to program 2 to complete the remaining 100 procedures

3 Mold management

The numerical control system automatically calculates the programmed value of the X/Y/R axis according to the selected mold, bending angle and bending length. Mold parameters are the basis for system calculations and must be accurate.

3. 1 Punch

1. Click   to enter the Punch edit page:

2. Take the punch in the following figure as an example, enter punch data (α: punch angle, r: chamfer, h: punch height)

3. After the punch data is input, click the input field next to the icon to save the current punch with a certain name according to the chapter mold naming rules (up to 30 punch information can be saved)

4. After completing the  above  steps, the  punching  data  will  be  automatically  saved  for subsequent use.

5. Click the Punch icon, and then click or to browse the saved mold information. If you need to use the relevant mold, just select the corresponding mold name.

6. Click the icon

to return to the programming page.

3.2 Die

1. Click the Die icon on the main programming page to enter the  Die edit page, as shown in the figure below:

2. Take the Die in the following figure as an example, enter Die data (Ve: opening width, α: opening angle, r: chamfering, h: Die height, Xs: Die safety distance)

3. After entering the Die data, click the input field next to the icon   , and save the current Die  with  a  certain  name according  to  the  chapter  mold  naming  rules  (up  to  60   Die information can be saved)

4. After completing the above steps, the Die data will be automatically saved for subsequent use.

5. Click the Die icon  , and then click   or   to browse the saved mold information.

6. Click the icon to return to the programming page.

<Remarks>

XS: safety distance of Die.

When the given position of X-axis is within the range of XS, and the R-axis is lower than the upper surface of Die (as shown in the detection point), the rear baffle is positioned in the following order, and the rear baffle R first goes higher than the upper surface of the Die 10mm (position in Figure 1), then X is positioned to a given position (position in Figure 2), and finally the R axis to a given position (position in Figure 3) to protect the safety of the Die.

Note: the value entered on the first page of R axis is the distance from the lower plane of the baffle to the upper plane of the Die. In addition, if the given position of X-axis is less than the safe distance of the Die (the position of XS), the given position of R-axis cannot be less than 0.01.

3.3 Mold naming rules

We recommend that users follow certain rules when naming the mold, so that the main  parameter characteristics of the mold can be quickly identified through the mold name in use, and work efficiency can be improved.

The following are the naming rules we provide as a reference for users. Of course, you can also use different naming rules according to your own needs.

Naming of the Punch: Let's take the Punch number 90_N as an example to explain the meaning and naming rules of this Punch number

According to this naming rule, we can name the Punch: 90_N, 60_G, 30_S

Die naming: Let’s take the Die number 86_12 as an example to explain the meaning and naming rules of the Die number

4 Product programming

The following program page would display when you switch on the CO-Panel and the system prompts “Slider Homing required”, push the pedal down to the end to home the slider, then the prompt disappeared. Users can create programs containing the bend sequences required to produce a complete part (Each program could edit up to 24 steps) in this page.

The control system supports up to 350 programs, each can cycle for multiple times, only selected the program that you can edit it, and also you can create a new program for editing.

< Remarks >

Slider Homing: Step on the foot and the slider will rise. If the Homing signal is an external switch, it will rise and return to the original position when touching the Homing switch; If the Homing signal is the z-phase signal of the grating ruler, the slider rises to the grating ruler and the output z-phase signal returns to the original.

4. 1 Direct programming

1. Click the product number Px, and click "New Program" in the pop-up menu.

2. Click the mold icon   (Punch),   (Die) or    ( Finger) . Select the mold to be used (see mold management).

3. Click "More" to enter the programming page.

4. In the programming page, select the required material, bend length, and other data that may be needed (such as pressure holding time, retreat, etc.).

5. Click the button   to return to programming page.

6.  Click  the  bending  angle     and  enter  the  desired  bending  angle  (90.00°  in  the example).

7. Click the bending length    and  enter the desired bending length (100.00mm in the example).

8. Click the height of the rear baffle    and enter the vertical position of the rear baffle relative to the top surface of the Die.

9. Click a to insert the next bend.

10. Use the same method to edit the second step bend.

11. Click the icon   to return to the first step of bending.

12. Click  to select the bending mode.

13. Start the pump (press and hold the pump icon    for more than 3 seconds until the pump icon shows red, which means the pump is running).

14. Touch the button  , each axis start positioning.

15. After positioning is complete, an icon is displayed, indicating that it is ready to bend. 16. Step on the foot switch and start bending.

4.2 Fram

Users can edit the program in the form and clearly browse every step of the program. Click the frame icon in the main interface, as shown below:

① The user can use the angle and depth programming in the table, click the depth icon and enter the password to edit the depth.

② The inner ruler and outer ruler can be switched.

③ Click the angle compensation icon to switch to depth compensation.

5 Bending and correction

Correct the bending angle and length according to the actual bending effect. Correction includes:

. Angle (Y-axis) and deflection compensation (if any).

.  rear baffle correction (X , R and R axis).

5. 1 Angle correction

After measuring the angle, if correction is required, correct it as follows.

1. Click the angle correction icon , input the actual measurement angle, and the system will automatically calculate the correction value of Y axis.

Note: to clear the correction value, just enter 0 in angle correction.

5.2 Deflection compensation

1. Click the icon and enter the deflection value to be compensated.

5.3 Rear baffle correction

Enter the length to be compensated in   .

< note >

1.  Before  and after compensation, the  programmed values  of Y-axis  and X-axis  remain unchanged, but the value of compensation area changes.

2. The  sum of the  programmed  depth  value  and  the  compensated depth value  cannot exceed the lower limit value.  If it exceeds the lower limit value, it will not change in the compensation area. Only reverse compensation can be used.

6 Program management

After the operation panel is turned on, the following programming page is displayed. The user can edit a product that contains multiple steps (each program can edit up to 24 steps), and the step sequence expansion can use the "program link" function

Up to 350 new programs can be created in this control system, and each program can be cycled multiple times, or a new program can be created for editing and saving. Click the program number, and the following options will appear:

6. 1 New program

1.     Click the program number.

2.     Click “New program”

3.     The system automatically generates a new program (number P0).

6.2 Save the program

1.     Click the program number.

2.     Click”save as”

3.     Enter the name of the program to be saved (such as "P1").

4.     The current program has been saved in the system and the name is "P1".

5.

6.3 Calling program

Usually people save the program and call it when necessary. The calling program operates as follows:

1.     Click the program number (e.g. P1)

2.     Click "call program".

3.     Call the required product in the product list (such as P2)

4.     The selected program (P2) is called.

6.4 Delete program

If the user needs to delete unnecessary programs, the operation is as follows:

1. Click the product number (such as P1).

2. Click "Delete Program".

3. Select the program to be deleted in the product list.

<Note> Once the program is deleted, it cannot be restored, please operate with caution. The system needs to retain at least one program.

7 Special function

7. 1 Big arc

The system has a large arc function, according to the set bending Angle, bending radius, bending number, automatically calculate each section bending length and bending Angle, users can through this function of the workpiece for large arc bending processing.

Click  the  icon on  the  more  data  setting  page  to  set  the  large  arc  processing parameters. And generate a big arc program.

Big Arc  α  : Input arc Angle

Big Arc R : Input arc radius

Big Arc L : Enter the height L of one side of the bending piece, and the system will automatically calculate the length of the arc after unfolding. When bending, the rear baffle will move from back to front for each bend.

Big Arc N : When setting this parameter, please refer to the range automatically calculated by the system in the brackets. The more folds, the smoother the arc.

There are two processing modes for Big Arcs, as shown in the figure below:

7.1.1 Big Arc program

After setting the Big Arc parameters, click to generate the Big Arc program. After saving the entire  program,  the system returns to the main interface,  view the generated big arc program.

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The rear baffle positioning of the Big Arc program is incremental (that is, relative positioning), so a negative baffle value appears in the program, which indicates how far it has moved forward based on the previous step.

7.1.2 Big arc angle compensation

After the Big Arc program is generated, if the bent angle is different from the actual angle,    the angle needs to be compensated. You only need to input the actual folded angle into the  angle shown in the figure below, and the system automatically calculates the compensation value (the compensation value is the same for each step). Example: Fold a Big Arc of 90 。, fold out 100 。, input 100 for angle compensation, the system automatically calculates the   compensation depth of each step, as shown in the figure below, the compensation value in the next step is also the same.

7.2 Bridge

The bridge is convenient to quickly generate programs for fixed-shape workpieces. Click the bridge icon  on the main page to edit the program.

After editing the program, click  to automatically generate the bridge program (as shown in the figure below).

Board thickness: The board thickness of the bending material.

Bending length: the size of the bend workpiece.

Number of bending sides: 5 sides and 7 sides are optional.

Bending mode: You can choose to fold both ends first and then the middle, or fold one side first and then the other side.

Material length: Length: the length of sheet needed to complete the workpiece.

Angle compensation: add the set depth compensation (unit mm) in each step.

Front suction: The function is to suck the material forward and position it backward (position forward to the position of the suction front, and position the material backward).

Appendix

This  appendix  provides  the  interface  description  of  each  device  of  the  BD10i  bending machine system and the handling of common problems for users to quickly browse.

A     Specifications for device interface

A.1 HMI interfaces

Table A-1   Pin definition for HMI interface

A.2 CPU interfaces

Table A-2 RJ45 Ethernet port definition of H226XM

Table A-3   Pin definition of PPI communication port of CPU H226XM

A.3 Servo drive interfaces

X5 Table A-4    Main power input terminal X5

Table A-5   Control power input terminal X4

A-6   Braking resistance and Bus output terminal X7

Table A-7   Motor cable interface X6

Table A-8   Communication port X3

Table A-9 Servo terminal resistance setting

A.4 Servo drive parameter settings

The parameters used in this system X, Y1, Y2, R-axis are shown in the following table:

The servo panel parameters are set as follows:

1、The parameters are now all written to the drive

Parameter Setup Mode

Selection display

Start from the LED initial status, press SET then MODE till the parameter setup mode shows:

Execution display

Press  to select the parameter you want to check or edit

press SET to enter execution display

Press   to change the digit as you want, press    to set parameter ( to increase,  ® to decrease)

2 、After all parameters are written, perform the save parameters and save operations as follows：

EEPROM Writing Mode

Selection display

Start from  the  LED  initial  status,  press  SET  then  press  MODE  twice  till  the parameter setup mode  .shows:

Execution display

Press SET to display execution, then continue to press till shows:

To make the contents modified effective, please turn the control power off to reset after writing the ending-display

B     FAQ

Table B-1 Common Problems and its solutions